Alfred Stieglitz photograph of «Fountain» by Marcel Duchamp, 1917
Alfred Stieglitz photograph of «Fountain» by Marcel Duchamp, 1917

To this day, Marcel Duchamp’s readymade «Fountain» from 1917 is considered as a key work of modern art in the art-historical literature of the twentieth century. In its radicality and simplicity, the conceptual approach of Marcel Duchamp’s readymades permanently overturn our understanding of art. The artistic act consists solely of the selection and re-contextualization of the object, occasionally with minimal changes, such as signing or re-naming. By shifting the idea and the thought process into the center of the artwork, he reveals that art need not be tied to the object or to craftsmanlike skills, but that it can arise through context and intention. In order to further illuminate the self-image of the artist and the concept of authorship, Marcel Duchamp conceals the authorship and origin of the object—in fact an industrially manufactured urinal—by signing it with the alias «R. Mutt».